The brain can be divided into three separate areas that are the Cerebrum, the Cerebellum and the Brain Stem, (Pinel 1997). It is the electrical activity of the rich nerve fibres that are found in the Cerebrum that are recorded by Electroencephalograph. The Electroencephalograph does not record the activity of single neurones but records the gross electrical activity between two electrodes placed on the scalp of a participant, (Binnie, 1982). Neurones, which are also known as nerve cells differ widely but all share some basic characteristics. All neurones contain a cell body, a nucleus and an axon, (Binnie 1982). Contained inside the neurone are high levels of positively charged potassium ions (K+). Outside of the neurone, positively charged potassium ion (K+) levels are low. The opposite is true of positively charged sodium ions (Na+). There are low levels of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) inside the neurone and high levels outside. The membrane of the neurone is permeable and positively charged potassium ions are able to leak out of the neurone and similarly positively charged sodium ions are able to leak into the neurone. The membrane of the neurone is selectively more permeable to the positively charged potassium ions than the positively charged sodium ions, that is to say it is easier for the positively charged potassium ions to leave the neurone than it is for the positively charged sodium ions to enter the neurone. This activity results in an eventual loss of positive charge within the neurone. Once the inside of the neurone reaches –70 mV, the permeability of the neurone membrane changes and no longer allows the escape of positively charged potassium ions. It is at this stage that there is a level of equilibrium is found and this is known as the neurone’s resting potential, (Binnie 1982).

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